Biome – The natural ecological groupings of plants and animals on the basis of climates are called biome. In other words, all the ecosystems taken together in a given geographical area having the same type of climate is known as biome.

The climate conditions of an area such as temperature, humidity, sunlight, atmospheric pressure, and rainfall are important in determining the nature of plants and animals, which can survive there. Due to the differences between in the climates, the communities of plants and animals vary over the surface of Earth. Same type of animals and plants appear together in similar climatic zones.

Categories of Biomes – There are four important or major categories of biome on the Earth, which are discussed below –

1. The Aquatic Biomes – There are two types, that is Fresh Biomes and Marine. The freshwater biomes are ponds, lakes, and river whereas marine biomes are coral reefs and oceans.
2. The Forest Biomes – There are of three types namely Temperate Forest, Boreal Forest, and Tropical Rain Forest. Different plant types of Tropical Rain Forest are huge long trees with buttress roots, and lot of green leaves. Ferns and Palms are also common. In the Temperate Forest, plants are less dense as a bit of sunlight reaches the ground. Trees are willow, basswood, and elm. In Boreal Forests, plants are mostly conifers with needle like leaves.
3. The Desert Biomes – They are hot and dry deserts, and also coastal deserts. Biomes have very high temperature having little vegetative cover less cloud cover, and low moisture. Plants that can survive here are short Shrubs and Cacti. Animals here tend to burrow or stay in hideways till dusk to avoid the heat. For example snake, lizards, insects, and many more.
4. The Grass Land Biomes – There are two important or major namely Tundra Biomes, Alpine Tundra, and the Arctic Tundra. The Arctic Tundra is situated around the North Pole where the temperature is about 1 to 3 degree celesius  in the summer season and minus thirty five degree celesous in the winter season. Plants here are short and grow closely to each other. Animals includes polar bears, hares, squirrels, and artic foxes, fishes like Salmon and Cod, and a lot of birds. Alpine Tundra is very cold with very few trees and little vegetative cover. Animals here are some birds marmots, and mountain birds. All the Biomes of the world taken together form the system is called biosphere.