Introduction – World Population Day is celebrated annually on July 11 to draw attention to the problems of rapid population growth or overpopulation worldwide. The primary purpose of this global day is to raise awareness about the detrimental effects of population growth and overpopulation worldwide. Now, increasing population or overpopulation is the root problem, which can cause unemployment, pollution, traffic jams, price rise, poverty, and many more problems. The global day aims to raise awareness among people about the adverse effects of the increasing population worldwide, which may harm the progress of humanity and the environment.

Overpopulation – It occurs when the birth rate rapidly increases compared to the death rate. The better medical facility, which eliminates severe diseases such as malaria, rabies, and many other diseases, reduces the death rate. Due to reduction in the death rate, the birth rate increases and population rapidly increases across the world. Overpopulation is the mother of problems such as unemployment, increase pollution, enhances traffic jams, shortage of food, deforestation, shortage of basic facilities, and many more among common people across the world.

Main disadvantages of overpopulation – There are several harmful effects of overpopulation are discussed below –

1. The increasing population in metropolitan cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Jaipur, and many more, is leading to a rise population near the river, which increases water pollution. The rise in population increases industrialization and leads to deforestation. The rise in the cutting of trees affects the environment, including floods and droughts. Many diseases arise due to water pollution.
2. Due to overpopulation, there were increases in crowding in cities, railway stations, bus stands, markets and also increases in private cars, buses, tempos, auto-rickshaws, e-rickshaws, and motorcycles, which increases air pollution that severely affects the environment across the world.
3. Unemployment may increase rapidly due to increased population across the world, which also negatively affects the lives of young individuals.
4. The increasing population decreases the forests which increase in the summer or hot worldwide.  Due to increase in summer, there is an increase in the use of the air conditioners and refrigerators, which release chlorofluorocarbons and affect the ozone layer. The effects on the ozone layer may affect the skin due to the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
5. There is a rapid increase in transport, due to an increase in population, including cars, motorcycles, buses, and many more, which may enhance pollution worldwide. Increased pollution may enhance several diseases, including asthma, and many other breathing issues are spreading worldwide.
6. The most populated countries facing many problems, such as malnutrition, starvation and other hunger-related diseases very common in poverty-stricken areas.
7. Overpopulation also increased poverty, unemployment, hunger, price rise, threat of war, reduces groundwater, shortage of food, and many more factors that can harmfully affects common people across the world.

How to control overpopulation – We should control or reduce population by increasing illiteracy rate, reducing birth rate, lowering child marriage, enhancing women empowerment, and many more measures to reduce overpopulation across the world. Reducing the population may have several benefits for common people, such as an increase in basic facilities, a reduction in traffic jams especially in big cities, decrease in pollution, lowers unemployment, lowers the risk of breathing issues problems, and many more.