Antarctica Day is celebrated annually on December 1 to honor the anniversary of the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in the year 1959. This treaty or agreement was signed by 12 countries to protect and preserve the environment of Antarctica. This global agreement was signed in the year 1959 and came into effect in the year 1960 that making a significant milestone or landmark in the protection and conservation or preservation of Antarctica. Antarctica is ruled by around 30 nations, which are parties or countries of the Antarctic Treaty System in the year 1959. As per Antarctic Treaty System in the year 1959, several activities including mining, nuclear waste disposal, military activity, and nuclear explosion are all prohibited in Antarctica.

Antarctica is a delicate and important ecosystem that helps in balancing the climate of Earth. It is the coldest continent and contains 90 percent of all the ice on Earth. It is the fifth-largest continent and most of the space is covered with ice. The size of this continent is around 5.5 million square miles and ice covers around 98 percent of the land. Antarctica is one of the driest, coldest, and windiest continents that contains a variety of animals such as seals, penguins, whales, and many more. Around 70 percent of the world’s freshwater that are reserved as ice in Antarctica. Antarctica is covered by ice about 99 percent with a size of 5.5 million square miles.

 Antarctica is divided into two regions namely West Antarctica and East Antarctica. West Antarctica is largely an ice sheet that covers an archipelago of mountains islands whereas East Antarctica is largely composed of a high ice-covered plateau. These two parts of Antarctica are separated by the Transantarctic Mountains. The Transantarctic Mountains is a range, which stretches across Antarctica and is sometimes is fully covered with ice. Antarctica contains about 7 million cubic miles of ice sheets that represent approx. 90 percent of ice and 80 percent of fresh water across the world.