ISRO – It stands for Indian Space Research Organization and is the national space agency of India. The main responsibility of ISRO is to perform tasks that are associated with space-based operations, the development of related technologies, international space cooperation, and space exploration. It is the government space agency that possesses full launch capabilities to operate a large fleet of artificial satellites, can launch extraterrestrial missions, and can deploy cryogenic engines.

Earlier, ISRO was called ac the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) which was set up on the suggestions of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai in the year 1962 to recognize the requirement for space research. Later, the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) grew and became ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) in the year 1969.

Main Achievements of ISRO in 2023 – The main Achievements of ISRO in the year 2023 are given below

1. Chandrayaan-3 – The main achievement of ISRO is to launch Chandrayaan-3 at 2:35 pm on July 14, 2023, from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.   This spacecraft is the third lunar mission of India, which was conducted by ISRO. Chandrayaan-3 contains the lander and the Pragyan rover that is similar to Chandrayaan-2 but it does not have an orbiter. The distance between Earth and Moon is about 384,000 km and the spacecraft has been effectively located in the trajectory thus, it will take to reach the surface of the moon.
2. Aditya L1 Solar Mission – It’s another achievement of ISRO is to launch Aditya L1 by PSLV-C57 successfully on September 2, 2023, at 11:50 am from Satish Dhawan Space Center (SDSC), Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. This spacecraft is the first solar mission of India to study about the sun. According to ISRO, Aditya L1 solar mission will determine the effects or impacts of the Sun on the Earth and its atmosphere. This spacecraft will be placed in a halo orbit around Lagrange point L1 between the Earth and the Sun that is located about 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. This spacecraft also studies the solar atmosphere, solar magnetic storms, and the effect on the environment of Earth.
3. PSLV–C55 Mission – ISRO launched two Singaporean satellites Lumelite-4 and TeLEOS-2 were successfully launched through PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)-C55 at 14;19 pm on April 22, 2023, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. It is a dedicated commercial mission via NSIL (New Space India Limited) with TeLEOS-2 as the main satellite whereas Lumelite-4 as a co-passenger satellite. The weight of these two satellites is around 741kg and 16 kg respectively. TeLEOS-2 carries a SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) payload and will be capable of providing all-weather day and night coverage and able to imaging at 1m full-polarimetric resolution whereas Lumelite-4 is developed or made for the scientific demonstration of the High-Performance Space-borne VHF Data Exchange System (VDES).
4. GSLV-F12 and NVS-01 Satellite – The Geostationary Satellite Launch Vehicle Mission (GSLV-F12) of ISRO was used to launch NVS-01 on May 29, 2023, from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota in the state of Andhra Pradesh.  GSLV mission deployed an NVS-01 navigation satellite that weighs around 2232 kg into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit and is the first of the second-generation satellites of India for navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) services.